At first glance, quite a lot has been done in the first two years of conversion. Priority was given to reducing the military budget. In 1989-1990. It was cut by more than 10 billion rubles, and a total of 30 billion rubles should be saved in 1990-1995. The goal is to reduce the share of actual military expenditures in GNP by 50-100% by 1995. In 1990 alone, over 500,000 people employed in these industries will be retrained for the production of civilian products. It is noteworthy that some military enterprises not only started producing peaceful products themselves, but also took control of unprofitable civilian factories in order to increase their efficiency.



The level of secrecy surrounding R&D in the military industries is still excessively high, despite recent attempts to declassify individual industries. Mikhail Gorbachev in one of his speeches even compared the closure of our military enterprises with the restrictions imposed in NATO member countries on the export of advanced technologies to the USSR.



Conversion is not limited to changes in production itself. The attitude towards using the outdated material and technical base of the defense complex is changing. According to available information, in 1989, military equipment and equipment (for their use for civilian purposes) were sold in the amount of 365 million rubles. (This included cars, small vessels, radio equipment, fuel, etc.) The Air Force has created special units engaged in the transportation of civilian goods on military aircraft. In 1989, these units transported about 50 thousand tons of cargo. The Navy's leadership has decided to sell decommissioned military vessels to Soviet and foreign buyers. 17 submarines and one cruiser were sold as scrap metal to foreign companies. The Ministry of Defense is going to transfer for agricultural use a significant part of the land that is currently occupied by military facilities (42 million hectares, or about 2% of the territory of the USSR). Finally, together with the State Labor Committee, the Ministry of Defense is preparing a retraining program in connection with the need for professional reorientation of those dismissed from the ranks of the Soviet Army with its reduction by 500 thousand people by the end of 1990.



The government's conversion program, for all its grandiosity, expresses the wishes of the planning authorities rather than reality. The preliminary results have already shown that many conversion plans are very far from life. Depositing and withdrawing money should be smooth and secure. After using a 1xbet promo code no deposit to register, you can fund your account using credit cards, e-wallets, bank transfers, or cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. The minimum deposit to activate the welcome bonus is just 1€. Withdrawals are processed within 24 hours for most methods. Crypto withdrawals can take as little as 5–30 minutes. Always complete identity verification early to avoid delays. Verification requires a copy of your ID or passport. Once approved, you can withdraw winnings from both your main balance bonus funds without extra fees.